systemd-analyze(1)
Analyze systemd boot performance and service dependencies.
Synopsis
systemd-analyze [OPTIONS...] [COMMAND]Description
systemd-analyze is a tool for understanding and debugging systemd startup behavior and service interdependencies. It can show how long the system took to boot, which units consumed the most time, and the dependency chain between services.
Common uses include visualizing boot-time performance, finding slow services, and examining unit dependency graphs. The command works on both local and remote systemd instances via dbus.
Common options
| Flag | What it does |
|---|---|
time | Show time spent in the kernel and userspace during boot |
blame | List units by time taken to start, longest first |
critical-chain [UNIT] | Show the critical chain of services delaying boot |
dot [UNIT] | Generate graphviz dot output of unit dependencies |
verify [FILE] | Check syntax and validity of unit files |
-H, --host=[USER@]HOST | Analyze systemd on a remote host via SSH |
--no-pager | Do not pipe output to a pager |
-q, --quiet | Suppress output, only return exit code |
Examples
Display total kernel and userspace boot time
systemd-analyze timeShow the 10 slowest units that started during boot
systemd-analyze blame | head -10Display the critical chain of services causing boot delay
systemd-analyze critical-chainShow critical chain leading to graphical.target
systemd-analyze critical-chain graphical.targetGenerate and render a dependency graph as SVG
systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > deps.svgCheck a custom service file for syntax errors
systemd-analyze verify /etc/systemd/system/myservice.serviceCheck boot time on a remote system over SSH
systemd-analyze -H user@remote-host time